Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.
Changuk Chung, Xiaoxu Yang, Keng Ioi Vong, Swapnil Mittal, Zhen Li, Ashley P. L. Marsh, Martin W. Breuss, Laurel L. Ball, Renee D. George, Jing Gu, Mingchu Xu, Chelsea Barrows, Kiely N. James, Valentina Stanley, Anna S. Nidhiry, Sami Khoury, Gabrielle Howe, Emily Riley, Xin Xu, Brett Copeland && Joseph G. Gleeson
Rady Kid’s Institute for Genomic Medication, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
Changuk Chung, Xiaoxu Yang, Keng Ioi Vong, Swapnil Mittal, Zhen Li, Ashley P. L. Marsh, Martin W. Breuss, Laurel L. Ball, Renee D. George, Jing Gu, Mingchu Xu, Chelsea Barrows, Kiely N. James, Valentina Stanley, Anna S. Nidhiry, Sami Khoury, Gabrielle Howe, Emily Riley, Xin Xu, Brett Copeland && Joseph G. Gleeson
Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Individualized Medication, Mayo Center, Rochester, MN, U.S.A.
Taejeong Bae, Yifan Wang && Alexej Abyzov
Department of Neurosurgery, Speculative Epilepsy Research Study, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Professors of Medication, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Catharina Donkels && Carola A. Haas
Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
H. Westley Phillips && Gary W. Mathern
Department of Pediatrics, Area of Medical Genes and Metabolic Process, University of Colorado Aurora, Aurora, CO, U.S.A.
Martin W. Breuss
Lab of Pediatric Neurosurgery and Developmental Neuropathology, Department of Surgical Treatment and Anatomy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Camila Araújo Bernardino Garcia && Helio R. Machado
Department of Pathology, Severance Healthcare Facility, Yonsei University College of Medication, Seoul, South Korea
Se Hoon Kim
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Kid’s Medical facility, Yonsei University College of Medication, Seoul, South Korea
Hoon-Chul Kang
Center for Fundamentals in NeuroModulation, Professors of Medication, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Carola A. Haas && Marco Prinz
Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Professors of Medication, Freiburg, Germany
Horst Urbach
Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Professors of Medication, Freiburg, Germany
Marco Prinz
Signalling Research Study Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Marco Prinz
Department of Neurology, St. Louis Kid’s Medical facility, Washington University St Louis, Washington, MO, U.S.A.
David D. Limbrick Jr. && Christina A. Gurnett
Department of Neurosurgery, St. Louis Kid’s Medical facility, Washington University St Louis, Washington, MO, U.S.A.
Matthew D. Smyth
Epilepsy Center, Rady Kid’s Medical facility, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
Shifteh Sattar, Mark Nespeca && David D. Gonda
National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Conditions, Shizuoka, Japan
Katsumi Imai && Yukitoshi Takahashi
Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Healthcare Facility, Taipei City, Taiwan
Hsin-Hung Chen
Institute of Brain Science, Brain Proving Ground, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Jin-Wu Tsai
Pediatric Neurology System and Laboratories, IRCCS Meyer Kid’s Medical facility University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
Valerio Conti && Renzo Guerrini
Detailed Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York City University Langone Health, New York City, NY, U.S.A.
Orrin Devinsky
Department of Genes, Center for Cell-Based Treatment, Center for Integrative Systems Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Wilson A. Silva Jr.
Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
Sara Baldassari && Stéphanie Baulac
Rady Kid’s Medical facility, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
Joseph G. Gleeson, Marilyn Jones, Diane Masser-Frye, Shifteh Sattar, Mark Nespeca && David D. Gonda
NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Conditions, Shizuoka, Japan
Katsumi Imai && Yukitoshi Takahashi
Taipei Veterans General Healthcare Facility, Taipei City, Taiwan
Hsin-Hung Chen
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
Jin-Wu Tsai
Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Kid’s Medical facility, University Arizona College of Medication, Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.
Valerio Conti, Richard Frye, Angus Wilfong && David Adelson
IRCCS Meyer Kid’s Medical facility, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
Renzo Guerrini
New York City University Langone Health, New York City, NY, U.S.A.
Orrin Devinsky
University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Helio R. Machado, Camila Araújo Bernardino Garcia && Wilson A. Silva Jr.
Severance Healthcare Facility, Yonsei University College of Medication, Seoul, South Korea
Se Hoon Kim && Hoon-Chul Kang
Acibadem Healthcare Facility, Istanbul, Turkey
Yasemin Alanay
Lok Nayak Healthcare Facility & & Maualana Azad Medical Center, New Delhi, India
Seema Kapoor
University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Carola A. Haas
Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
Georgia Ramantani && Thomas Feuerstein
University Hopsital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Ingmar Blumcke, Robyn Busch && Zhong Ying
Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery, Kyiv, Ukraine
Vadym Biloshytsky, Kostiantyn Kostiuk && Eugene Pedachenko
University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
Gary W. Mathern
St. Louis Kid’s Medical facility, Washington University St Louis, Washington, MO, U.S.A.
Christina A. Gurnett && Matthew D. Smyth
Kid’s Medical facility Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.
Ingo Helbig && Benjamin C. Kennedy
Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.
Judy Liu && Felix Chan
Cincinnati Kid’s Medical facility, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.
Darcy Krueger
Kid’s National Medical facility, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
William Gaillard && Chima Oluigbo
Baylor College of Medication, Texas Kid’s Medical facility, Houston, TX, U.S.A.
Anne Anderson
Boston Kid’s Medical facility, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
Alice Lee, August Yue Huang, Alissa D’Gama, Caroline Dias, Christopher A. Walsh, Eduardo Maury, Javier Ganz, Michael Lodato, Michael Miller, Pengpeng Li, Rachel Rodin, Rebeca Borges-Monroy, Robert Hill, Sara Bizzotto, Sattar Khoshkhoo, Sonia Kim && Zinan Zhou
Harvard University, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
Alice Lee, Alison Barton, Alon Galor, Chong Chu, Craig Bohrson, Doga Gulhan, Eduardo Maury, Elaine Lim, Euncheon Lim, Giorgio Melloni, Isidro Cortes, Jake Lee, Joe Luquette, Lixing Yang, Maxwell Sherman, Michael Coulter, Minseok Kwon, Peter J. Park, Rebeca Borges-Monroy, Semin Lee, Sonia Kim, Soo Lee, Vinary Viswanadham && Yanmei Dou
Icahn School of Medication at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, U.S.A.
Andrew J. Chess, Attila Jones, Chaggai Rosenbluh && Schahram Akbarian
Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.
Ben Langmead, Jeremy Thorpe && Sean Cho
Lieber Institute for Brain Advancement, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.
Andrew Jaffe, Apua Paquola, Daniel Weinberger, Jennifer Erwin, Jooheon Shin, Michael McConnell, Richard Straub && Rujuta Narurkar
Mayo Center, Rochester, MN, U.S.A.
Alexej Abyzov, Taejeong Bae, Yeongjun Jang && Yifan Wang
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
Anjene Addington && Geetha Senthil
Sage Bionetworks Seattle, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.
Cindy Molitor && Mette Peters
Salk Institute for Biological Researches, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.
Fred H. Gage, Meiyan Wang, Patrick Reed && Sara Linker
Stanford University, CA, U.S.A.
Alexander Urban, Bo Zhou, Reenal Pattni && Xiaowei Zhu
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Aitor Serres Amero, David Juan, Inna Povolotskaya, Irene Lobon, Manuel Solis Moruno, Raquel Garcia Perez && Tomas Marques-Bonet
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Eduardo Soriano
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
Gary Mathern
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.
Danny Antaki, Dan Averbuj, Eric Courchesne, Joseph G. Gleeson, Laurel L. Ball, Martin W. Breuss, Subhojit Roy, Xiaoxu Yang && Changuk Chung
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A.
Chen Sun, Diane A. Flasch, Trenton J. Frisbie Trenton, Huira C. Kopera, Jeffrey M. Kidd, John B. Moldovan, John V. Moran, Kenneth Y. Kwan, Ryan E. Mills, Sarah B. Emery, Weichen Zhou && Xuefang Zhao
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A.
Aakrosh Ratan
Yale University, New Sanctuary, CT, U.S.A.
Adriana Cherskov, Alexandre Jourdon, Plants M. Vaccarino, Liana Fasching, Nenad Sestan, Sirisha Pochareddy && Soraya Scuder
C.C., X.Y., Sa.B., St.B. and J.G.G. created the research study. C.C., S.M. and S.K. carried out practical recognition. C.B., V.S., A.S.N., E.R., C.C. and G.H. collaborated the scientific database. X.Y., C.C., M.W.B., L.L.B., R.D.G., J.G., M.X., A.P.L.M. and K.N.J. arranged, dealt with and sequenced human samples. X.Y., C.C., T.B., Y.W., A.A., X.X., Z.L. and B.C. carried out bioinformatics and information analysis. C.C. and K.I.V. carried out the RNAscope experiment. C.D., H.W.P., C.A.B.G., S.H.K., H.K., H.U., M.P., A.S., C.A.H., D.D.L., C.A.G., M.D.S., S.S., M.N., D.D.G., K.I., Y.T., H.C., J.T., V.C., R.G., O.D., W.A.S., H.R.M. and G.W.M. supplied resected brain tissues and scientific information from FCD clients. C.C., X.Y. and J.G.G. composed the manuscript. All authors check out and discussed the manuscript prior to submission.