Rodino KG, Theel ES, Pritt BS. Tick-borne illness in the United States. Clin Chem. 2020;66:537–48.
Zhao GP, Wang YX, Fan ZW, Ji Y, Liu MJ, Zhang WH, et al. Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1075.
Yanez-Mo M, Siljander PR, Andreu Z, Zavec AB, Borras FE, Buzas EI, et al. Biological homes of extracellular blisters and their physiological functions. J Extracell Vesicles. 2015;4:27066.
Yoh KE, Lowe CJ, Mahajan S, Suttmann R, Nguy T, Reichelt M, et al. Enrichment of distributing tumor-derived extracellular blisters from human plasma. J Immunol Methods. 2021;490:112936.
Muraoka S, Jedrychowski MP, Yanamandra K, Ikezu S, Gygi SP, Ikezu T. Proteomic profiling of extracellular blisters originated from cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s illness clients: a pilot research study. Cells. 2020;9:1959.
Dong L, Zieren RC, Horie K, Kim CJ, Mallick E, Jing Y, et al. Comprehensive examination of techniques for little extracellular blisters separation from human plasma, urine and cell culture medium. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020;10:e12044.
Yamamoto S, Okamura K, Fujii R, Kawano T, Ueda K, Yajima Y, et al. Specimen-particular drift of densities specifies unique subclasses of extracellular blisters from human entire saliva. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0249526.
Aqrawi LA, Galtung HK, Vestad B, Ovstebo R, Thiede B, Rusthen S, et al. Identification of possible saliva and tear biomarkers in main Sjogren’s syndrome, making use of the extraction of extracellular blisters and proteomics analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19:14.
Tong L, Hao H, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Liang X, Liu Q, et al. Milk-obtained extracellular blisters reduce ulcerative colitis by managing the gut resistance and improving the gut microbiota. Theranostics. 2021;11:8570–86.
Antounians L, Catania VD, Montalva L, Liu BD, Hou H, Chan C, et al. Fetal lung underdevelopment is rescued by administration of amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular blisters in rodents. Sci Transl Med. 2021;13:5941.
Roca J, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Padilla L, Lucas X, Barranco I. Extracellular blisters in critical fluid and results on male recreation. An introduction in stock and family pets. Anim Reprod Sci. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106853.
Wu CX, Liu ZF. Proteomic profiling of sweat exosome recommends its participation in skin resistance. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138:89–97.
Machtinger R, Baccarelli AA, Wu H. Extracellular blisters and female recreation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38:549–57.
Osaki M, Okada F. Exosomes and their function in cancer development. Yonago Acta Med. 2019;62:182–90.
Cuesta CM, Guerri C, Urena J, Pascual M. Role of microbiota-derived extracellular blisters in gut-brain interaction. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:4235.
Russell AE, Liao Z, Tkach M, Tarwater PM, Ostrowski M, Thery C, et al. Cigarette smoke-induced extracellular blisters from dendritic cells modify T-cell activation and HIV duplication. Toxicol Lett. 2022;360:33–43.
Kulakauskiene D, Narauskaite D, Gecys D, Juknaite O, Jankauskaite L, Masaityte A, et al. Virus mimetic Poly (I:C)-Primed respiratory tract exosome-like particles go into brain and cause inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial reactive oxygen types in microglia. Biology (Basel). 2021;10:1359.
Olaya-Abril A, Prados-Rosales R, Gonzalez-Reyes JA, Casadevall A, Pirofski LA, Rodriguez-Ortega MJ. Extracellular blisters from various pneumococcal serotypes are internalized by macrophages and cause host immune actions. Pathogens. 2021;10:1530.
Zhang Y, Dai Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Li Z, Lu J, et al. Mouse distributing extracellular blisters include virus-derived siRNAs active in antiviral resistance. EMBO J. 2022. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021109902.
Bello-Morales R, Lopez-Guerrero JA. Extracellular blisters in herpes viral spread and immune evasion. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2572.
Okoye I, Xu L, Oyegbami O, Shahbaz S, Pink D, Gao P, et al. Plasma extracellular blisters boost HIV-1 infection of triggered CD4(+) T cells and promote the activation of latently contaminated J-Lat10.6 Cells through miR-139–5p transfer. Front Immunol. 2021;12:697604.
Nawaz M, Malik MI, Zhang H, Gebremedhin MB, Cao J, Zhou Y, et al. miRNA profile of extracellular blisters separated from saliva of Haemaphysalis longicornis tick. Acta Trop. 2020;212:105718.
Oliva Chavez AS, Wang X, Marnin L, Archer NK, Hammond HL, Carroll EEM, et al. Tick extracellular blisters make it possible for arthropod feeding and promote unique results of bacterial infection. Nat Commun. 2021;12:3696.
Tassetto M, Kunitomi M, Andino R. Circulating immune cells moderate a systemic RNAi-based adaptive antiviral reaction in Drosophila. Cell. 2017;169:314–25.
Gold AS, Feitosa-Suntheimer F, Araujo RECREATIONAL VEHICLE, Hekman RM, Asad S, Londono-Renteria B, et al. Dengue virus infection of Aedes aegypti modifies extracellular blister protein freight to boost infection transmission. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:6609.
Xun C, Wang L, Yang H, Xiao Z, Deng M, Xu R, et al. Origin and characterization of extracellular blisters present in the spider venom of Ornithoctonus hainana. Toxins (Basel). 2021;13:579.
Bowden TJ, Kraev I, Lange S. Extracellular blisters and post-translational protein deimination signatures in haemolymph of the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020;106:79–102.
Han S, Xu Y, Sun J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Tao W, et al. Isolation and analysis of extracellular blisters in a Morpho butterfly wing-integrated microvortex biochip. Biosens Bioelectron. 2020;154:112073.
Cabay MR, Harris JC, Shippy SA. Impact of tasting and cellular separation on amino acid decisions in Drosophila Hemolymph. Anal Chem. 2018;90:4495–500.
Golo PS, Dos Santos AS, Monteiro CM, Perinotto WM, Quinelato S, Camargo MG, et al. Lab-on-a-chip and SDS-PAGE analysis of hemolymph protein profile from Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) contaminated with entomopathogenic nematode and fungi. Parasitol Res. 2016;115:3459–68.
Clark KD. Insect hemolymph immune complexes. Subcell Biochem. 2020;94:123–61.
Ararso Z, Ma C, Qi Y, Feng M, Han B, Hu H, et al. Proteome contrasts in between hemolymph of 2 honeybee pressures (Apis mellifera ligustica) reveal divergent molecular basis in driving hemolymph function and high royal jelly secretion. J Proteome Res. 2018;17:402–19.
Theopold U, Li D, Fabbri M, Scherfer C, Schmidt O. The coagulation of insect hemolymph. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2002;59:363–72.
Ahearn YP, Saredy JJ, Bowers DF. The alphavirus sindbis contaminates enteroendocrine cells in the midgut of Aedes aegypti. Viruses. 2020;12:848.
Jackson AIR CONDITIONER, Bowen JC, Downe AE. Experimental infection of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) by the oral path with Sindbis infection. J Med Entomol. 1993;30:332–7.
Narasimhan S, Coumou J, Schuijt TJ, Boder E, Hovius JW, Fikrig E. A tick gut protein with fibronectin III domains help Borrelia burgdorferi churchgoers to the gut throughout transmission. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10:e1004278.
Zhang L, Zhang Y, Adusumilli S, Liu L, Narasimhan S, Dai J, et al. Molecular interactions that make it possible for motion of the Lyme illness representative from the tick gut into the hemolymph. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1002079.
Krishnamachary B, Mahajan A, Kumar A, Agarwal S, Mohan A, Chen L, et al. Extracellular blister TGF-beta1 is connected to cardiopulmonary dysfunction in human immunodeficiency infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2021;65:413–29.
Martin-Jaular L, Nevo N, Schessner JP, Tkach M, Jouve M, Dingli F, et al. Unbiased proteomic profiling of host cell extracellular blister structure and characteristics upon HIV-1 infection. EMBO J. 2021;40:e105492.
Kim JH, Lee J, Park J, Gho YS. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial extracellular blisters. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2015;40:97–104.
Goncalves T, Oliveira J, Fernandes C. Filamentous fungis extracellular blisters. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2021;432:45–55.
Mantel PY, Marti M. The function of extracellular blisters in Plasmodium and other protozoan parasites. Cell Microbiol. 2014;16:344–54.
Zhou W, Woodson M, Neupane B, Bai F, Sherman MB, Choi KH, et al. Exosomes work as unique modes of tick-borne flavivirus transmission from arthropod to human cells and helps with dissemination of viral RNA and proteins to the vertebrate neuronal cells. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14:e1006764.
Zhou J, Gong H, Zhou Y, Xuan X, Fujisaki K. Identification of a glycine-rich protein from the tick Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and examination of its vaccine capacity versus tick feeding. Parasitol Res. 2006;100:77–84.
Wu J, Cao J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Gong H, Zhou J. Evaluation on infectivity of Babesia microti to domestic animals and ticks outside the ixodes genus. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1915.
Aguilar-Diaz H, Esquivel-Velazquez M, Quiroz-Castaneda RE, Miranda-Miranda E, Conde-Baeye RJP, Cobaxin-Cardenas M, et al. Comparative hemolymph proteomic and enzymatic analyses of 2 pressures of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks resistant and vulnerable to ixodicides. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:9451547.
Patton TG, Dietrich G, Brandt K, Dolan MC, Piesman J, Gilmore RD Jr. Saliva, salivary gland, and hemolymph collection from Ixodes scapularis ticks. J Vis Exp. 2012;60:3894.
Yang X, Li X, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Xu L. Paeoniflorin upregulates mitochondrial thioredoxin of schwann cells to enhance diabetic peripheral neuropathy suggested by 4D label-free quantitative proteomics. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:4775645.
Weckbach LT, Schweizer L, Kraechan A, Bieber S, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Hausleiter J, et al. Association of enhance and MAPK activation with SARS-CoV-2-associated myocardial swelling. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7:286–97.
Wisniewski JR, Zougman A, Nagaraj N, Mann M. Universal sample preparation approach for proteome analysis. Nat Methods. 2009;6:359–62.
Xu Z, Yan Y, Cao J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Xu Q, et al. A family of serine protease inhibitors (serpins) and its expression profiles in the ovaries of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides. Infect Genet Evol. 2020;84:104346.
Nawaz M, Malik MI, Zhang H, Hassan IA, Cao J, Zhou Y, et al. Proteomic analysis of exosome-like blisters separated from saliva of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:542319.
Liu L, Yan F, Zhang L, Wu ZF, Duan DY, Cheng TY. Protein profiling of hemolymph in Haemaphysalis flava ticks. Parasit Vectors. 2022;15:179.
Jia N, Wang J, Shi W, Du L, Sun Y, Zhan W, et al. Large-scale relative analyses of tick genomes clarify their hereditary variety and vector capabilities. Cell. 2020;182:1328-40.e13.
Gulia-Nuss M, Nuss AB, Meyer JM, Sonenshine DE, Roe RM, Waterhouse RM, et al. Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme illness. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10507.
Fiorotti J, Menna-Barreto RFS, Golo PS, Coutinho-Rodrigues CJB, Bitencourt ROB, Spadacci-Morena DD, et al. Ultrastructural and cytotoxic results of Metarhizium robertsii infection on Rhipicephalus microplus hemocytes. Front Physiol. 2019;10:654.
Borovickova B, Hypsa V. Ontogeny of tick hemocytes: a relative analysis of Ixodes ricinus and Ornithodoros moubata. Exp Appl Acarol. 2005;35:317–33.
Boldbaatar D, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Liao M, Tanaka T, Xuan X, Fujisaki K. Multiple vitellogenins from the Haemaphysalis longicornis tick are vital for ovarian advancement. J Insect Physiol. 2010;56:1587–98.
Hernandez EP, Shimazaki K, Niihara H, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Expression analysis of glutathione S-transferases and ferritins throughout the embryogenesis of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Heliyon. 2020;6:e03644.
Oleaga A, Gonzalez-Perez S, Perez-Sanchez R. First molecular and practical characterisation of ferritin 2 proteins from Ornithodoros argasid ticks. Vet Parasitol. 2022;304:109684.
Zhao Y, Liu L, Liu JB, Wu CY, Duan DY, Cheng TY. Cloning, expression, and function of ferritins in the tick Haemaphysalis flava. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022;13:101892.
Githaka NW, Konnai S, Isezaki M, Goto S, Xavier MA, Fujisawa S, et al. Identification and practical analysis of ferritin 2 from the Taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus Schulze. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020;11:101547.
Hajdusek O, Sojka D, Kopacek P, Buresova V, Franta Z, Sauman I, et al. Knockdown of proteins associated with iron metabolic process restricts tick recreation and advancement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:1033–8.
Truman-Rosentsvit M, Berenbaum D, Spektor L, Cohen LA, Belizowsky-Moshe S, Lifshitz L, et al. Ferritin is produced through 2 unique nonclassical vesicular paths. Blood. 2018;131:342–52.
Yanatori I, Richardson DR, Dhekne HS, Toyokuni S, Kishi F. CD63 is managed by iron through the IRE-IRP system and is essential for ferritin secretion by extracellular blisters. Blood. 2021;138:1490–503.
Spenle C, Simon-Assmann P, Orend G, Miner JH. Laminin alpha5 guides tissue pattern and organogenesis. Cell Adh Migr. 2013;7:90–100.
Vogt S, Bobbili MR, Stadlmayr G, Stadlbauer K, Kjems J, Ruker F, et al. An crafted CD81-based combinatorial library for picking recombinant binders to cell surface area proteins: Laminin binding CD81 boosts cellular uptake of extracellular blisters. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021;10:e12139.
Wang SH, Liou GG, Liu SH, Chang JS, Hsiao JR, Yen YC, et al. Laminin gamma2-enriched extracellular blisters of oral squamous cell cancer cells boost in vitro lymphangiogenesis through integrin alpha3-dependent uptake by lymphatic endothelial cells. Int J Cancer. 2019;144:2795–810.
Thomas D, Guthridge M, Woodcock J, Lopez A. 14-3-3 protein signaling in advancement and development element actions. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2005;67:285–303.
Yang Z, Wang C, Xue Y, Liu X, Chen S, Song C, et al. Calcium-triggered 14-3-3 proteins as a molecular switch in salt tension tolerance. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1199.
Fu W, Hu W, Yi YS, Hettinghouse A, Sun G, Bi Y, et al. TNFR2/14-3-3epsilon signaling complex advises macrophage plasticity in swelling and autoimmunity. J Clin Invest. 2021;131:e144016.
Mrowiec T, Schwappach B. 14-3-3 proteins in membrane protein transportation. Biol Chem. 2006;387:1227–36.
Bajaj Pahuja K, Wang J, Blagoveshchenskaya A, Lim L, Madhusudhan MS, Mayinger P, et al. Phosphoregulatory protein 14-3-3 helps with SAC1 transportation from the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E3199–206.