Studies show a link between low blood pressure and an increased risk of stroke and an elevated risk of dying from stroke. However, scientists are not yet sure why low blood pressure raises the risk.
However, there is also an association between long-term low blood pressure and stroke, including an
It is also possible to have a ministroke, or transient ischemic attack (TIA), as a result of a sudden and sharp drop in blood pressure. This is known as a “low flow” TIA.
Treatment for low blood pressure is available. Keep reading to learn more about the link between low blood pressure and stroke.
Chronically low blood pressure raises the risk of stroke. Scientists are still learning about the relationship between the two, so it is unclear why this link exists.
Doctors measure blood pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). In a
People with systolic blood pressure below 120 mm Hg and at least one other health risk factor were at the highest risk of dying from stroke. These risk factors included:
Additionally, a study from 2018 looked at whether there was a link between orthostatic hypotension and stroke, dementia, and cognitive decline. Orthostatic hypotension is low blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up.
The researchers defined orthostatic hypotension as a drop in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or a drop in diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg upon standing. People with orthostatic hypotension had double the risk of having an ischemic stroke compared with people without the condition.
A sharp drop in blood pressure can also cause a TIA, or ministroke, due to the temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain. This “low-flow” type of TIA is less common than other types.
A person should seek immediate medical attention if they or someone nearby begins to show symptoms of stroke. These include
- numbness or weakness in the face, arms, or legs
- confusion
- difficulty speaking or understanding speech
- difficulty seeing in one or both eyes
- difficulty walking, dizziness, and balance or coordination problems
- severe headache without a known cause
People with low blood pressure may also require medical attention in certain circumstances. If a person’s blood pressure drops
- cold and sweaty skin
- rapid breathing
- blue skin tone
- weak and rapid pulse
According to a
Other risk factors for ischemic stroke include:
Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include:
- obesity
- high alcohol consumption
- smoking
- lack of exercise
- stress
The point at which low blood pressure becomes a risk factor may also be different between males and females.
A 2021 study in the journal
Women with systolic blood pressure of 120–129 mm Hg had a similar risk of stroke as men with readings of 140–149 mm Hg.
Typical blood pressure is usually lower than
- dizziness
- lightheadedness
- difficulty concentrating
- cold or clammy skin
- rapid or shallow breathing
- blurred vision
- nausea
- fainting
- fatigue
- depression
- dehydration or unusual thirst
Some people do not experience any symptoms because of their low blood pressure. In others, sitting down might relieve more minor symptoms.
A
Long-term low blood pressure can also cause:
- Falls and related injuries: A
2019 systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant positive association between orthostatic hypotension and falls in older adults. - Shock: This condition
commonly occurs in people with very low blood pressure, and it can be serious.
A doctor can diagnose low blood pressure using a blood pressure monitor. Alternatively, people can use one at home.
Treatment for low blood pressure depends on the underlying cause. For example, if the cause is dehydration or a lack of salt in the diet, a doctor may suggest drinking more fluids or electrolytes. If the cause is a medication, a doctor may be able to suggest a different dosage or an alternative drug.
Other strategies that may improve blood pressure include:
- wearing compression socks or stockings
- eating small, frequent meals
- reducing or stopping alcohol consumption
Lifestyle changes may help significantly. However, some causes of low blood pressure are more serious or require more intensive treatment. These
- internal bleeding
- heart problems
- infections
If a person has persistent or severe symptoms, they should speak with a doctor as soon as possible.
Research suggests that having low blood pressure increases a person’s risk of having a stroke or TIA and of dying from stroke. Low blood pressure is
It is important to seek emergency medical attention if a person shows signs of stroke or dangerously low blood pressure.
In addition to a risk of stroke, low blood pressure may also cause falls or, in severe cases, shock. Anyone who experiences frequent symptoms because of their low blood pressure requires treatment.
