Chapter 7: Crops – GOV.UK

Summary

Key results for 2022 compared to 2021

• Harvested production of wheat increased by 11% to simply over 15.5 million tonnes, mostly due to increased yields. The worth of production was 50% greater at £4.1bn.
• Harvested production of barley increased by 6.1% to around 7.4 million tonnes. The worth of production was 55% greater at £1.8bn.
• Oilseed rape production increased by 39% to around 1,361 thousand tonnes, due to the boost in planted location compared to 2021 (which was the most affordable location considering that 1986) and typical greater yields. The worth of production increased by 80% to £877m due to greater rates
• Sugar beet production reduced by 18% to 6.0 million tonnes. The worth of production was 6.2% greater at £223m.
• The worth of veggie production increased by 4.8% to £1.8bn.
• The worth of fruit production increased by 9.5% to simply over £1.0bn.

Cereals

Table 7.1a to 7.1b Total cereals production (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.1a

Table 7.1b

Notes for table 7.1a and 7.1b:

1. All cereal production quotes have actually been standardised to 14.5% wetness material, with the exception of 2022 when the hot dry conditions resulted in lower typical wetness contents in the collected crops. 2022 production information will just be changed for farms which have actually reported wetness material above 14.5% for cereals and 9.0% for oilseed rape. Any production information which has actually been reported with lower wetness contents has actually not been changed.
2. Excludes farm saved seed.

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In 2022, overall cereal production of wheat, barley, oats and small cereals (rye, triticale and combined grain) in the UK was simply under 24.3 million tonnes, an 8% boost compared to 2021. This was because of greater typical yields balancing out a 1.7% drop in the planted location. The worth of production increased by 54% to around £6.2 bn due to a mix of greater rates and increased production.

Average yields for wheat, barley and oats were greater in 2022 compared to 2021, and normally above the 5-year average. Winter planting was carried out under good conditions and on schedule enabling the crops to develop well. Most prepared winter season sowing was total by the end of November. Spring crop sowing likewise advanced well although the dry April prevented establishment on lighter soils and where practical watering was utilized to alleviate water tension. Similar to 2021, without the requirement to plant spring crops to make up for poor or stopped working winter season crops, growers reverted back to more normal winter season plantings. This impact can be seen in the increased winter season barley location which was up 6.9% to 433 thousand hectares whereas the location of spring barley fell by 9.9% to 671 thousand hectares. A complete breakdown of cereal and oilseed rape production consisting of at the local level can be discovered in Defra cereal production.

Harvest 2022 advanced well and ended up earlier than the previous 5 years. For the majority of England and Wales harvest was finished by the end of August and for Scotland and locations of North-East England by mid- September. Harvest was finished prior to heavy rains gotten here in the future in September. With the remarkably heat grain needed little extra drying this year.

Cereal rates for 2022 were above 2021 worths with worldwide markets responding to the Russia / Ukraine dispute in the spring. Although rates did fall towards completion of the year, they stayed greater than the comparable 2021 levels.

For information and info for cereals on a crop year basis (July to June) please see the main UK cereal balance sheets released by the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board.

Wheat

Table 7.2a to 7.2c Wheat; production, worth, supply and usage (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.2a

Table 7.2b

Table 7.2c

Notes for tables 7.2a to 7.2c:

1. All cereal production quotes have actually been standardised to 14.5% wetness material with the exception of 2022 when the hot dry conditions resulted in lower typical wetness contents in the collected crops. 2022 production information will just be changed for farms which have actually reported wetness material above 14.5% for cereals and 9.0% for oilseed rape. Any production information which has actually been reported with lower wetness contents has actually not been changed
2. Excludes farm saved seed.

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Harvested production of wheat was 11% greater in 2022 than 2021 at simply over 15.5 million tonnes, which represents an above typical UK production. This was mostly due to a boost in both the yield and planted location which increased by 9.9% and 1.1%, respectively. The worth of production of wheat was 50% greater in 2021 at £4.1bn.

Domestic Human and Industrial wheat need for flour milling (consisting of starch and bio-ethanol) was 2.8% greater in 2022 compared to 2021 at simply under 6 million tonnes, with imports reducing by 17% to 0.9 million tonnes. Demand from flour millers resembled in 2015 however with a bigger domestic crop, less imports were needed. From May 2022 both UK biofuels plants were functional which increased need for feed wheat. Usage of wheat for animal feed was 6.6% greater at simply over 7.1 million tonnes. The portion of wheat in the cereal provision has actually now recuperated to more normal levels after the drop triggered by the poor 2020 harvest decreasing schedule. The AHDB release cereal use data which can be discovered at AHDB Human and Industrial cereal usage.

Total wheat imports in 2021 were 21% lower at 1.6 million tonnes generally due to higher domestic schedule and minimized requirements from the flour milling sector. Exports in 2022 were 864 thousand tonnes compared to 295 million tonnes in 2021, with higher domestic products increasing the amount of wheat available for export. The UK has actually been a net importer of wheat considering that 2016.

Barley

Table 7.3a to 7.3c Barley; production, worth, supply and usage (thousand tonnes unless otherwise defined)

Table 7.3a

Table 7.3b

Table 7.3c

Notes for tables 7.3a to 7.3c:

1. All cereal production quotes have actually been standardised to 14.5% wetness material with the exception of 2022 when the hot dry conditions resulted in lower typical wetness contents in the collected crops. 2022 production information will just be changed for farms which have actually reported wetness material above 14.5% for cereals and 9.0% for oilseed rape. Any production information which has actually been reported with lower wetness contents has actually not been changed
2. Value of production omits farm-saved seed.

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The worth of barley increased by 55% in between 2021 and 2022 to £1.8bn. The production of barley increased by 6.1% to 7.4 million tonnes due to increased yields balancing out a 4.0% reduction in location. The location modification was driven by a decline for spring barley of 9.9% to 671 thousand hectares which balance out a 6.9% boost in winter season barley location to 433 thousand hectares. Growers continued to change back to winter season barley due to more beneficial winter season planting / crop conditions negating the requirement for replacement spring crops. Full information of barley production can be discovered here; Defra cereal production.

Barley exports increased to 898 thousand tonnes in 2022 from simply over 770 tonnes in 2021. Most UK exports are to the EU, particularly Spain which experienced a poor 2022 barley harvest.

Demand for barley from the developing, malting and distilling sector continued to recuperate from the Covid-19 associated depression of 2020. Usage from the Brewing Malting and Distilling sector increased to 1.9 million tonnes, a boost of 6.2% on the 1.8 million tonnes in 2021. Demand for barley from the animal feed sector fell by 18% to 4 million tonnes in 2022, due to a basic decrease in the animal feed sector and wheat increasing its share of the cereal provision at the expense of other cereals.

Oats

Table 7.4a to 7.4c Oats production, worth, supply and usage (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.4a

Table 7.4b

Table 7.4c

Notes for tables 7.4a to 7.4c:

1. All production quotes have actually been standardised to 14.5% wetness material with the exception of 2022 when the hot dry conditions resulted in lower typical wetness contents in the collected crops. 2022 production information will just be changed for farms which have actually reported wetness material above 14.5% for cereals and 9.0% for oilseed rape. Any production information which has actually been reported with lower wetness contents has actually not been changed
2. Value of production omits farm saved seed.

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In 2022, the collected production of oats reduced by 10% to 1.0 million tonnes driven by a 13% reduction in location balancing out a boost in yield (up 3%). The worth of production doubled to £301m due to greater rates.

UK oats use is controlled by the oat milling sector which increased by 1.0% to 510 thousand tonnes in 2022 from 505 thousand tonnes in 2021. Use of oats in animal feed reduced by 4.3% to 420 thousand tonnes due to minimized need for animal feed and more wheat being available. Oats have a high fiber material which works for ruminant diet plans and horses however not appropriate for poultry. Oat exports increased from 37 thousand tonnes to 194 thousand tonnes – most of UK exports continue to be to EU nations. Exports have actually been strong to Germany, Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands on the back of tighter EU products. Imports were 6 thousand tonnes lower in 2022 at 22 thousand tonnes.

Straw

Cereal straw production in 2022 was approximated at 9.9 million tonnes, a decline of 8.1% on the 2021 crop (11 million tonnes). The 2022 harvest season was characterised by an extended duration of settled, dry weather condition and heats. Straw yields were much better than feared, provided the water tension impacting crops, with wheat averaging 3.8 tonnes per hectare, winter season barley 3.5 t/ha, spring barley at 2.6 t/ha and oats at 2.7 t/ha.

Despite early issues over straw yields, they wound up near the 5-year average and just a little lower than those seen in 2021. Areas bailed minimized by 4.1% at 2.4 million hectares with bed linen sales decreasing by 8.1% at 8.3 million tonnes. Percent location baled resembled the 5-year average, however for all cereals was listed below that seen in 2019. An approximated 73% of wheat straw, 91% of winter season barley straw and 82% of spring barley straw were baled.

Oilseed rape and linseed

Table 7.5a to 7.5b Oilseed rape production; worth, supply and usage (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.5a

Table 7.5b

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Oilseed rape production increased by 39% to 1361 thousand tonnes, with the location planted increasing by 18% at 364 thousand hectares and typical yields increasing from 3.2 to 3.7t/ha. The worth increased by 80% at £877 million, with rates increasing 29% to £644 per tonne.

UK oilseed rape production has actually fallen in the last couple of years from 2 million tonnes annually to simply over 1m tonnes, as the pattern for recent years of the crop location planted minimized in line with the withdrawal of the neonicotinoid insecticides required to manage the cabbage stem flea beetle. This year has actually seen tight imported products, after the little 2021 oilseed harvest in Canada followed by the disturbance to Black Sea products considering that Russia’s intrusion of Ukraine in February. This has actually resulted in a high boost in rapeseed worths and unpredictable trading on top of high energy expenses for processing.

Table 7.6 Linseed production; worth, supply and usage

Table 7.6 Linseed figures are no longer provided here as the location grown in the UK is so little. Historical information can be discovered in the datasets (Table 7.6). Area information can be discovered in chapter 2 (Structure of the market) Table 2.2 Crop locations and animals numbers.

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Sugar beet

Table 7.7a to 7.7b Sugar Beet production and worth; Refined Sugar production and supply (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.7a

Table 7.7b

Notes for tables 7.7a and 7.7b:

1. Average cost for all sugar, consisting of transportation allowance and perk
2. Sugar coming out of the factory in the early part of the year is considered as becoming part of production in the previous fiscal year.

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Sugar beet production reduced by 18% to 6 million tonnes. The worth of production increased by 6.2% to £223 million with rates increasing by 30% at £37.1t/Ha. The planted location revealed a decline of 3.8% at 87 thousand hectares. Seed and preliminary development was positive, nevertheless the crop suffered an extreme dry spell in August. Beet moth problems were seen for the very first time in the UK – the dry conditions are a perfect environment for them, feeding upon the weakened plants. As an outcome, yields are anticipated to be around 25% to 28% less than average. In mid-December the crop suffered a frost occasion, which was later on stated to have actually activated a Frost Insurance Payment moneyed by British Sugar. The Frost occasion was prevalent throughout the growing locations. Overall yields reduced by 15% to 69t/Ha.

Protein crops (Field Peas and Field Beans)

Table 7.8a and 7.8b Protein crops (Field Peas and Field Beans (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.8a

Table 7.8b

Notes for tables 7.8a and 7.8b:

1. Peas leave out vining peas
2. Animal feed figures cover just that part of the crop which is presumed to be utilized for stock-feed consisting of for family pets and professional bird food. It likewise consists of a price quote for those ranges initially grown for human intake however did not satisfy the needed grade. The portion used for animal feed varies with normal quotes varying from 30-60%

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The total location of pulses in 2022 revealed a boost from those seen in 2021 with an increased bean location balancing out a fall in the pea location. Pulses stayed a popular crop alternative due to greening requirements of the Common Agricultural Policy although constraints on making use of plant security items on crops grown on Ecological Focus Areas (EFA) and UK exit from the EU might impact the location planted moving forward. Pulses are a good source of energy and protein and can be utilized in the diet plans of poultry, livestock and pigs in addition to aquaculture and family pet food. Pulses are likewise able to focus nitrogen from the environment into the soil.

The overall location of field peas reduced by 6.1% in 2022 to simply over 57 thousand hectares. The percentage of production used for animal feed was approximated at 90%, comparable to 2021. Total production for animal feed reduced by 18% to an approximated 144 thousand tonnes. The production used for human intake reduced by 18% to an approximated 16 thousand tonnes. Field peas yield balanced 2.8t/ha compared to 3.2t/ha in 2021. There was a variation in yields dependant on how well soils maintained wetness throughout the dry spring. Best yields of peas were from the South-West; total quality was combined with the heat making peas susceptible to splitting- nevertheless there were less infection and illness issues this year.

Increased rates were not enough to balance out the drop in production and the total worth of field peas in 2022 was £38.7 million compared to £39.0 million in 2021 (0.8% reduction).

The location of field beans was 13% greater than in 2015 at 212 thousand hectares. Despite the increased location, lower typical yields implied production reduced by 8.5% to an approximated 635 thousand tonnes. Average yields reduced to 3.0t/ha from 3.7t/ha in 2021. The greatest yields were seen in the North-East and West-Midlands. Winter beans fared far better than spring beans, assisted by good planting conditions throughout fall 2021 which resulted in good crop establishment. Whilst the dry spring did negatively impact winter season beans grown on lighter soils those on wetness absorbent much heavier soils carried out well. Spring beans planted throughout cool dry conditions struggled with moisture deficit and lower yields. Bruchid beetle activity was minimized this year throughout the majority of locations especially in northern locations with the significant exception of the South-West where activity increased. The quality of field beans varied, with winter season beans tending to have actually attained good quality, whilst spring beans tended to be of poor quality.

Average rates increased, balancing out a drop in production and the total worth of field beans in 2022 was £178 million compared to £160 million in 2021 (11% boost).

Fresh veggies

Table 7.9a to 7.9c Fresh veggies production, worth, supply and usage (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table7.9a

Table 7.9b

Table 7.9c

Notes for tables 7.9a to 7.9c:

1. Data for veggies and salad crops grown outdoors is from the June Survey
2. Protected location omits location of mushrooms

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The worth of veggie production increased by 4.8% to £1.8bn in between 2021 and 2022, with overall production reducing by 5.8% at 2.4 million tonnes. Areas for veggies minimized by 5% at 107 thousand ha. Domestic production as a portion of overall brand-new supply to the UK for all fresh veggies was 55% in 2022, down 2 portion points from 2021.

January was especially dry with optimum conditions for carrot, parsnip and onion drilling and planting. February was significantly uncertain, with storms striking some parts of the nation, triggering damage. The spring and summer season were normally warmer than typical and numerous locations experienced dry spell particularly in the South and East with a brand-new UK record temperature level of 40.3^oC tape-recorded in July. The hot, dry summer season provided difficulties for growers, requiring to water crops much more than normal. The increasing expenses of all inputs such as energy, diesel, fertiliser and plant security items have actually squeezed grower success considerably.

Plants and flowers

Table 7.10a to 7.10b Plants and flowers location, worth of production and trade (thousand tonnes unless otherwise defined)

Table 7.10a

Table 7.10b

Notes for table 7.10a and 7.10b:

1. Areas connect to field locations increased by the variety of crops in the year and thus vary from those displayed in table 2.2.
2. Trade overalls might vary to the amount of the parts due to rounding.

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The worth of production in the decorative sector reduced by 1.5% to £1.5bn in between 2021 and 2022.

2022 was a difficult year for the sturdy nursery stock (HNS) sector, due mostly to the extended extreme dry spell and heatwave that impacted the majority of the UK for much of the summer season and the increased cost-of-living that affected discretionary spend therefore need, especially in garden retail sector.

In 2022, sturdy nursery stock revealed a 1.8% reduction in worth at an approximated £1.1 billion.

Container grown nursery stock sales went back to pre COVID-19 levels. Water lacks with the decreasing customer need due to the fact that of the dry spell conditions and increased cost-of-living even more worsened matters, especially in the latter part of the year.
Outdoor narcissi, ‘other bulb flowers’ and dry bulb production gained from much better labour schedule, good yield and an increased cost per stem / dry bulb in 2022, adding to increased system worth approximates for the majority of classifications. Flowers and bulbs revealed a 29% boost in worth at an approximated £165m.

The safeguarded ornamentals sector (bed linen and pot plants) saw changes where some growers minimized production throughout the board due to the fact that of the increase in the cost of living and increased cost of products (pots, growing media and so on) which would increase list prices. The pot plant sector saw a 12% reduction in worth at £285m.

Potatoes

Table 7.11a to 7.11c Potatoes production, worth, supply and usage (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.11a

Table 7.11b

Table 7.11c

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The worth of potatoes was £705 million in 2022, a decline of 5.8% from 2021 (£748 million) with the location planted decreasing by 7.6% to 127 thousand hectares. Yields fell by 8.7% to 42t/ha and rates increased by 13% to £189 per tonne. Prices and yield info were formerly obtained from the AHDB who stopped producing information midway through in 2021. For 2022 we have actually approximated yields based upon input from sector agents, degenerated administrations and protection of the sector in the farming press. For rates we used the Northern Ireland released potato cost figures.

Fresh Fruit

Table 7.12a to 7.12c Fresh fruit production, worth, supply and usage (thousand tonnes unless defined otherwise)

Table 7.12a

Table 7.12b

Table 7.12c

Notes for table 7.12a to 7.12c:

1. Orchard fruit consists of field location of industrial and non-commercial orchards just.
2. Stock information connects to apples and pears.
3. Value of production omits modification in stocks for apples and pears
4. Value of production consists of glasshouse fruit.
5. Excludes modification in stocks for apples and pears
6. EU trade information no longer consists of dried fruit.

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Dry weather condition at the start of the year provided growers the capability to raise polytunnels for soft fruit previously in the year and soil conditions benefited planting strawberries, raspberries and orchards. Though some damage to tunnels accompanied the Dudley, Eunice, and Franklin storms in February. Unusually hot days in March and April brought the season forward for both leading and soft fruit crops however it left them susceptible to the late frosts in April which triggered some damage. Harvesting of all fruit crops began early due to the continuing impacts of the moderate spring and the summer season heatwave.

The worth of fruit production increased by 9.5% in between 2021 and 2022 to simply over £1 bn, with orchard fruit increasing by 31% to £377m and soft fruit reducing by 0.3% to £633m.

Domestic production of fresh fruit as a portion of overall brand-new supply increased from 15% to 17% in 2022.

Data Sources and Revisions

Further comprehensive info on veggies, plant and flowers and fruit data can be discovered in the yearly publication Horticultural Statistics. Some of the more comprehensive commentary in this chapter is based upon information because report that is not provided here.

Figures for 2022 are provisionary and might undergo modification.

There have actually been modifications to the information for wheat, barley and oats back to 2020, and some fruit information to 2016.